Articles

Science, 23 April 2010, Volume 328: Cooperation Between Translating Ribosomes and RNA Polymerase in Transcription Elongation

Cooperation Between Translating Ribosomes and RNA Polymerase in Transcription Elongation

Sergey Proshkin,1'2 A. Rachid Rahmouni,3 Alexander Mironov,z Evgeny Nudler1*

Science, 23 April 2010, Volume 328, pp.504-508

During transcription of protein-coding genes, bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is closely followed by a ribosome that translates the newly synthesized transcript. Our in vivo measurements show that the overall elongation rate of transcription is tightly controlled by the rate of translation. Acceleration and deceleration of a ribosome result in corresponding changes in the speed of RNAP. Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between the number of rare codons in a gene, which delay ribosome progression, and the rate of transcription. The stimulating effect of a ribosome on RNAP is achieved by preventing its spontaneous backtracking, which enhances the pace and also facilitates readthrough of roadblocks in vivo. Such a cooperative mechanism ensures that the transcriptional yield is always adjusted to translational needs at different genes and under various growth conditions.

Isolation ofanewbutanol-producing Clostridium strain: Highlevel of hemicellulosicactivityandstructureofsolventogenesisgenes of anew Clostridium saccharobutylicum isolate

Oksana V.Berezinaa,, AgnieszkaBrandtb, SergeyYarotskya, Wolfgang H.Schwarzb, VladimirV.Zverlovb, 

cState ResearchInstituteofGeneticsandSelectionofIndustrialMicroorganisms,1stDorojniypr.1,117545Moscow, Russian Federation

bDepartment ofMicrobiology,TechnischeUniversita¨t Mu¨nchen, AmHochanger4,85350Freising,Germany 

cInstitute ofMolecularGenetics,RussianAcademyofScience,KurchatovSq.2,123182Moscow,RussianFederation

Abstract

New isolates of solventogenic bacteria exhibitedhighhemicellulolyticactivity.Theyproducedbutanoland acetone withhighselectivityforbutanol(about80%ofbutanolfromthetotalsolventyield).Their16SrDNA sequencewas99%identicaltothatof Clostridiumsaccharobutylicum. Thegenesresponsibleforthelaststeps of solventogenesisandencodingcrotonase,butyryl-CoAdehydrogenase,electron-transportproteinsubunitsAandB, 3-hydroxybutyryl-oAdehydrogenase,alcoholdehydrogenase,CoA-transferase(subunitsAandB),acetoacetate decarboxylase,andaldehydedehydrogenasewereidentifiedinthenew C. saccharobutylicum strainOx29andcloned into Escherichiacoli. The genesforcrotonase,butyryl-CoAdehydrogenase,electron-transportproteinsubunitsA and B,and3-hydroxybutyryl-CoAdehydrogenasecomposedthe bcs-operon.Amonocistronicoperoncontaining the alcoholdehydrogenase gene was located downstream of the bcs-operon.Genesforaldehydedehydrogenase, CoA-transferase(subunitsAandB),andacetoacetatedecarboxylasecomposedthe sol-operon. The gene sequences  and thegeneorderwithinthe sol- and bcs-operons of C. saccharobutylicum Ox29 were most similar to those of Clostridiumbeijerinckii. The activity of some of the bcs-operon genes,expressed in heterologous E. coli, was determined. 

A novel model system for design of biomaterials based on recombinant analogs of spider silk proteins

Bogush VG, Sokolova OS, Davydova LI, Klinov DV, Sidoruk KV, Esipova NG, Neretina TV, Orchanskyi IA, Makeev VY, Tumanyan VG, Shaitan KV, Debabov VG, Kirpichnikov MP.
Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;4(1):17-27. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

Screening, Characterization and Application of Cyanide-resistant Nitrile Hydratases

The Threonine Story

Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology 79:113-36, 2003

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